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A Conservation Success Story: Green Turtles

Too often in the environmental space, the stories are of doom and gloom. While our planet and its natural ecosystems including our rivers, lakes, and oceans are under pressure, there are reasons to celebrate. Many of these stories occur because humans cared and decided to take action.

In late 2025, the green turtle, one of the species of sea turtles that nests on Florida’s coast, has been downlisted from “Endangered” to “Least Concern” globally on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. The IUCN is a global organization working towards conservation of imperiled plants and animals. The movement of the green turtle to “Least Concern” globally is a win for sea turtles and is a story of hope about how human involvement and protection can work for species recovery.

For over a century, green turtles were exploited for their meat, eggs, and shells, while also heavily impacted as bycatch in fishing industries. By the 1970’s, green turtles in the Atlantic were near extinction. In Florida alone in the 1980’s, there were roughly 4,000 green turtle nests annually, which then climbed to 50,000 nests, or more, each year in the state by the 2010’s. This year, Loggerhead Marinelife Center’s research team alone counted 8,363 green turtle nests on the 10 miles of beach that they monitor.

Global Conservation Efforts

Numerous efforts occurred to help protect sea turtles in the United States and around the world. First, federal protections were put into place such as the Endangered Species Act, which was enacted in 1973. These protections banned harvest of sea turtles for their meat and eggs. In many areas, the nesting beaches themselves were protected from development and poaching activities by establishing standardized nesting beach monitoring to protect the nesting turtles and their eggs. This was coupled with increased educational outreach about why each turtle and each nest matter.

Loggerhead Marinelife Center has been at the forefront of these monitoring and educational efforts since 1983. Another critical aspect related to the increased nest numbers that we see across all three nesting species in Florida came through the development and adoption of the Turtle Excluder Device (TED) for commercial fishing. This unique piece of fishing gear used in trawl fisheries allows the shrimp and other small fish to be captured while pushing any accidentally captured turtles to a hatch, which allows the turtle to swim out.

Continuing This Effort

We should certainly celebrate this conservation win but also highlight that not every regional population of green turtles has increased like we have seen in Florida. We need to ensure continued protection for all sea turtles including the loggerhead, leatherback, hawksbill, and Kemp’s ridley, which are still listed as threatened, endangered, or critically endangered. We have seen how quickly humankind can bring species to the brink of extinction, but when we choose to act as we have done with alligators, bald eagles, buffalo, and now green turtles, we can also help protect and restore these amazing animals and help the ecosystems that they live in.

Andy Dehart

President & CEO

Loggerhead Marinelife Center

This Season’s Foodie Trend: Hello Butter Boards!

This Season’s Foodie Trend: Hello Butter Boards!

We can thank TikTok for the hottest new food trend – the Butter Board. Back in September 2022, Brooklyn-based cook/food blogger Justine Doiron posted the alternative to a charcuterie board on TikTok and the Butter Board hoopla began to churn! It is important to note that the concept of the Butter Board was originally included in a 2017 cookbook, Six Seasons: A New Way with Vegetables, by chef Josh McFadden, and that Doiron’s Tik-Tok just whipped everyone into a frenzy.

The Butter Board is most likely much higher in calories and saturated fat than your average charcuterie board, but we offer you both a standard butter board and a heathier alternative blow.

Butter Board How-Tos

Slather a cutting board with softened butter and then season with flavors of your choice. (Justine used salt and plenty of lemon zest). Then, sprinkle your favorite chopped herbs over the seasoned butter base. Additional toppings can include pickled red onions, roasted garlic, and rosemary; figs and fresh mint; veggie options like radishes, shredded carrot, finely chopped broccoli; or proteins like diced salami or bacon. Whatever appeals to your taste buds. Top with a seasoned honey, if you like.

Everydayhealth.com offers these ideas for a heathier board. Slather your board with smashed avocado, hummus, or ricotta cheese as an alternative to the butter. Topping remains the same as the butter is the ingredient that tilts the board in terms of healthy vs. less healthy but your choice of herbs, veggies or chopped nuts combine to make the board a healthy one.

The most important ingredient for any butter board, healthy or not, is the bread you use to wipe up all that butter board goodness. A classic French baguette is a great option as is a dark pumpernickel, sourdough, or pretzel roll.

Make a Splash with These Holiday Gift Ideas

If you’re shopping for someone who lives for salt spray, sunrise cruises, or lazy afternoons on the water, here are some thoughtful, practical, and fun gifts that any boater would love to unwrap this holiday season.

There’s no better place to start than safety essentials! A reliable life jacket never goes out of style — the Onyx A/M-24 Inflatable PFD is a great pick. It’s low-profile, automatically inflates in water, and stays lightweight so it’s super wearable. For dock days, consider a more traditional foam option like the Bass Pro Recreational Life Jacket, which gives you peace of mind without breaking the bank.

For boaters who like to put a soundtrack to their downtime, a floating Bluetooth speaker is a no-brainer. The iLive floating speaker is water-resistant, floats, and clips easily — perfect for deck parties or relaxing at anchor.

Next, help them protect their gear with waterproof storage. A dry bag is indispensable, and theSea to Summit Ultra-Sil Dry Sack is ideal — ultralight, durable, and completely weatherproof.

Here’s something delightfully cozy and cool: a Mission Boat Hammock. This isn’t just any hammock — it’s specially sized to hang from a boat tower. Trust me, your friends will fight over who gets to lounge in it.

For someone who takes pride in their space and wants to add a personal touch, this Personalized Boat Name Engraved Cutting Board makes a beautifully tailored gift. It’s great for prepping meals or just showing off a beloved boat name in the galley or onshore. Impress Dazzle your friends even further by serving delectable charcuterie spreads on your new cutting board!

Let’s not forget style — Sperry Authentic Original 2-Eye Boat Shoes are a nautical staple with that classic, wet-or-dry grip and the kind of timeless look that matches any boater’s wardrobe.

Finally, a bit of thoughtful onboard organization goes a long way. The TidyBoat Brush Head Organizer  is a simple but smart gift — it keeps brushes (and other cleaning tools) safe, dry, and easy to find when it’s time to scrub down.

Whether you’re shopping for safety, comfort, or pure boater joy, these gifts are sure to resonate. Give something that’s useful and meaningful, so they’ll know you really get the boating life.

Lets Make Lemonade!

Two refreshing lemonade recipes to keep you cool on hot days.

Classic Lemonade

Ingredients:

  • 1 cup sugar
  • 5 cups water
  • 6 lemons
  • Ice

Directions:

  1. Combine in saucepan 1 cup sugar, 1 cup water, rind of 2 lemons, cut into pieces
  2. Stir over low heat until sugar is dissolved.
  3. Boil about 7 minutes. Cool.
  4. Add 1 cup lemon juice (5-6 lemons) 4 cups ice water.
  5. Pour over ice in pitcher or tall glasses.

(Recipe from Betty Crocker’s Picture Cookbook, 1950) 

Spicy Strawberry-Jalapeño Lemonade 

Ingredients:

  • 1 quart strawberries, hulled and split into quarters lengthwise
  • ½ jalapeño pepper, seeds and ribs removed, cut into 4 pieces
  • ¾ cup sugar
  • Pinch salt
  • 1 cup fresh juice from 5-6 lemons
  • 3 cups cold water
  • 1 quart ice 

Directions:

  1. Combine strawberries, jalapeño slices, sugar, and salt in a medium bowl and toss to coat. Let rest for 30 minutes. 
  2. Remove and discard jalapeño slices. Set aside 1 cup of macerated strawberries for garnish.
  3. Transfer remaining strawberries and any exuded juices and syrup into a blender.
  4. Add lemon juice. Blend on high speed until smooth, about 1 minute.
  5. Strain through a fine mesh strainer into a pitcher. Discard solids. Add reserved strawberries and cold water and whisk to combine.
  6. Add ice. Serve in ice-filled glasses garnished with a strawberry and a jalapeño slice. 

(Recipe from www.seriouseats.com) 

The Best Charcuterie Board Combinations

Dazzle your friends with your ability to provide tiny bites of fabulous finger foods, whether sweet or savory. Check out our ideas for some fun food boards.

Food boards are a great way to provide a lot of variety for an easy-to-do appetizer or dessert course. You can choose to use a small wooden serving board or large platter or repurpose a cookie sheet or pastry board. The options are truly endless.

Tips:

  1. Consider guests’ dietary needs and make sure you have something for everyone.
  2. That said, do not have more than six or seven choices on any board. Too many choices, in this case, is not best.
  3. Label whatever you can – use flagged toothpicks, mini-chalkboards (check out amazon.com), or frame a cute diagram or drawing of the offerings. Be creative!
  4. Keep everything in easy to manage bites – after all, the purpose is to use your fingers and keep everyone satisfied until the main event is ready.

Traditional Charcuterie Board

Pronounced “shar-cu-tree,” the word charcuterie roughly translates to mean “cold, cooked, meats.” It dates to the 15th century and was used to describe a butcher shop that sold such meats. Nowadays, the trendy adaptation of the word calls to mind a board laden with a variety of meats and cheeses.

  • Bread and crackers: A crusty bread, think French baguette or crostini and artisanal crackers, such as multi-grain or herbed options. Also a few standard Ritz crackers won’t be left behind.
  • Cheeses: Rule of thumb: one hard, one soft, one spicy and two ounces per person. Consider Brie, Manchego, and a traditional Sharp Cheddar.
  • Olives: make this a mix of marinated kalamata, green, and black olives.
  • Cured Meats: hard salami, prosciutto, smoked ham, and summer sausage work well!
  • Nuts: Use small shot glasses or fingerbowls to serve up some unshelled pistachios, cashews, and Spanish peanuts.

Crostini Board

Crostini are small pieces of sliced bread, toasted or fried and topped with the spread of your choice:

  • Bread, pre-sliced, pre-toasted/fried
  • Pre-made toppings such as olive tapenade, pesto spread, or the standard tomato bruschetta*  
  • Cheese toppings can include soft cheeses like ricotta, burrata, or mozzarella

Vegetable Board

Fresh, crisp, and colorful veggies are a heathy alternative to a cheese and meat board.

  • Fresh veggies, cut into easy to eat pieces, such as radishes, red and yellow bell peppers, zucchini, cucumber, and carrots
  • Dips such as ranch dip or garlic aioli*

Dessert Board

  • Dark or white chocolate-dipped fruits such as strawberries, kiwi slices, or orange slices
  • Dried Fruits such as apricots, pineapple and mango
  • Gumdrops and Jordan almonds
  • Shortbread cookies, cinnamon-sugar graham crackers, or chocolate-covered graham crackers

*(To make tomato topping, finely dice 4-5 Roma tomatoes and combine with 1 clove minced garlic, 2 tablespoons of olive oil, 1 tablespoon of red wine vinegar and ½ teaspoon each salt and pepper)

**(To make garlic aioli, whisk together 1 cup mayonnaise, 3 gloves minced garlic, mashed, 1 teaspoon lemon juice and a dash of cayenne pepper. Cover and refrigerate one hour before serving.)

Our Role in Protecting Turtles, From the Nest to the Water

Loggerhead Marinelife Center has a front row seat to one of the busiest nesting beaches in the world for sea turtles. The 9.5 miles of beach that we monitor and study sees nesting activity by three species: leatherbacks, loggerheads, and green turtles. From year to year, nesting counts can widely fluctuate in a natural cycle, but we are fortunate that all three species are stable or increasing in our region. However, this not always the case globally.

For hundreds of years, sea turtles have been hunted for their meat and eggs as food, and their shells have been harvested to create various products, ranging from decorative combs to eyeglass frames. Historically, they have been caught as bycatch, or unintended catch, in fishing industries that use trawling nets and longlines. In 1973, the Endangered Species Act was enacted to prevent extinction and promote recovery of imperiled species. A recent article published in PLOS ONE, titled Marine mammals and sea turtles listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act are recovering, provided an in-depth evaluation of the success of conservation efforts in the United States.

All sea turtle species that we see in Florida’s waters are protected at the state and federal level, which often have separate conservation status designations that are separate from those in the Pacific Ocean. These protections prevent harvest of sea turtles and their nests and offer protection to nesting beaches. The science community and commercial fishing industry worked together over 60 years ago to invent the turtle excluder device (TED), which dramatically reduced sea turtle bycatch and net damage without reducing the targeted catch of the fishermen.

The impacts of this level of protection for species on the verge of extinction have been incredibly successful. In 1979, Florida had just 62 green turtle tests, and by 2015 that number increased to over 37,000. Last summer Loggerhead Marinelife Center researchers counted 1,729 green turtle nests on just 9.5 miles of monitored beach. Sea turtles are a critical part of the marine ecosystem both as predators and prey while also helping to provide food to beach- and shore-based predators and nutrients to dune plants. Each species of sea turtle has a unique diet. Leatherbacks feed on jellyfish, keeping their populations in check, and hawksbills feed on sponges on the reef, preventing competition with corals. Sea turtle hatchlings are also a food source for many animals including gulls and popular game fish such as dolphinfish and wahoo.

Sea turtles are still vulnerable to entanglement in derelict fishing gear, ingestion of plastic, and boat strikes; therefore, their continued protection is essential. At the Center, we are grateful for the collaboration with Loggerhead Marinas to help support our vital work to ensure days on the water are filled with wildlife, whether you are fishing, diving, or just cruising.

Photos courtesy of Andy Dehart

Andy Dehart
President & CEO
Loggerhead Marinelife Center

Boat Maintenance Basics: Keep Your Vessel Shipshape

Owning a boat means endless adventures on the water, but it also comes with the responsibility of keeping your vessel in top condition. Regular maintenance ensures safety, extends the life of your boat, and prevents costly repairs down the line. Whether you’re new to boat ownership or just need a refresher, here are some key maintenance basics to keep your boat in shape.

Keep Your Vessel Clean

Salt, dirt, and grime can build up quickly on a boat, leading to corrosion and damage over time. Regularly wash your boat with fresh water, especially after saltwater outings, and use marine-friendly soap to keep the hull, deck, and seats looking fresh. A coat of wax on fiberglass surfaces can help protect against UV damage and oxidation.

Inspect and Maintain the Engine and Battery

Your boat’s engine is its heart, so routine checks are essential. Before each outing, inspect the engine for leaks, check oil and coolant levels, and ensure belts and hoses are in good shape. Regular oil changes (as recommended by the manufacturer) and flushing the engine after saltwater use will help keep things running smoothly. Regularly inspect the battery terminals for corrosion, ensure it’s fully charged, and replace it if it’s nearing the end of its lifespan.

Keep an Eye on the Fuel System

Inspect fuel lines for cracks or leaks, ensure fuel filters are clean, and use fresh fuel to prevent buildup and clogging. If your boat sits for long periods, adding a fuel stabilizer can help prevent issues when you’re ready to hit the water again.

photo from Loggerhead Cortez Village marina
Maintain the Propeller and Hull

A damaged or bent propeller can reduce efficiency and put unnecessary strain on the engine. Before each trip, check for dents or debris tangled around the prop, and have it repaired or replaced if necessary. Inspect the hull for cracks, blisters, or damage, and repair them promptly to avoid bigger issues. If your boat is stored in the water, regular bottom cleaning and applying antifouling paint can prevent marine growth that slows you down and damages the hull.

Inspect Safety Equipment

Routine maintenance isn’t just about keeping your boat running—it’s also about safety. Check that your life jackets, fire extinguishers, flares, and first aid kit are in good condition and up to date. Also, test your bilge pump and navigation lights to ensure everything is operational.

Store It Properly

Proper storage protects your boat from the elements and extends its lifespan. Whether you keep it in a slip, on a trailer, or in dry storage, use a quality boat cover to shield it from sun, rain, and debris. If you’re winterizing, be sure to drain water systems, add antifreeze where necessary, and give the boat a thorough once-over before storage.

A well-maintained boat not only performs better but also keeps you and your passengers safe on the water. Sticking to a regular maintenance schedule helps prevent headaches and ensures your vessel is always ready for your next adventure. Happy boating!

Green Beneath the Waves: A Dive into Seagrass Habitats

Did you know that seagrass and seaweed are not the same thing? Seaweed, like kelp and the floating sargassum we are overly familiar with here in Florida are not true plants, they are macroalgae. They lack specialized features like roots and the ability to flower. Seagrasses, on the other hand, are flowering plants that are more closely related to lilies and orchids than grasses. They have roots, stems, leaves, and produce flowers, seeds, and pollen. Seagrasses grow in shallow, coastal waters in groups called meadows or beds and are critically important to the health of our coastal waters. Seagrass beds serve many functions like nursery habitat for invertebrates and baby fish, including snapper and stone crab.

Seagrasses are also important carbon and nutrient sinks that produce large amounts of oxygen through photosynthesis. By rooting into the sediment, they stabilize the bottom; a healthy bed of seagrass helps trap fine particles and absorbs excess nutrients from the surrounding water. Not only do these seagrasses play a critical role in the health of the oceans and in generating oxygen for the planet but they are food for some our most beloved animals – manatees and green turtles. Both feed almost exclusively on different types of seagrasses and are challenged by the rapid loss of seagrass in our coastal areas.

These rapid losses are happening because all marine ecosystems are delicately balanced, and too many nutrients can be detrimental. Just like our lawns, seagrass beds need some organic fertilizer, but they can be harmed if the nutrients are too abundant. Instead of helping the seagrasses to grow, the excess nutrients feed microscopic algae causing massive blooms in the water column. This makes the water murky and prevents sunlight from penetrating to the seafloor; ultimately starving the seagrasses of energy they need to grow and thrive. 

Currently, excess nutrients in our coastal waters are not from natural sources but rather from runoff associated with agriculture and urban areas combined with the seepage of waste from failing septic systems and aged wastewater pipes. These pollution pathways are leading to more frequent and severe algal explosions in our nearshore waters and ocean ecosystems – causing massive seagrass die offs. This starts a vicious cycle – as seagrass beds die, the sediment their roots held together becomes loose and gets stirred up by waves.  This worsens the water clarity and makes restoration of these habitats challenging.

As Loggerhead Marina boaters there are some simple steps you can take to help us at Loggerhead Marinelife Center to protect our coastal seagrass beds. First is through responsible boating: Go Slow for Those Below! To help protect sea turtles and other marine life, travel at the minimum speed needed for safe navigation. This also reduces your risk of running your boat onto shallow seagrass beds that could cause scars in the sediment and take years to recover. When choosing a place to anchor, look for a sandy patch rather than grass as anchors tear seagrasses out at the roots. Second, reduce fertilizer use at home and fertilize only in the dry season. Plant native trees and landscape that do well in the local environment. Lastly, support responsible local watershed management including septic to sewer infrastructure upgrades and low-impact development and green infrastructure projects. As someone that enjoys life out on the ocean, in the Intracoastal Waterway, or any number of bays and harbors you see the bounty of what seagrasses provide. Be good stewards and help us protect these incredible coastal ecosystems.

Andy Dehart

President & CEO

Loggerhead Marinelife Center

Better boater tips:

simple steps to protect our coastal seagrass beds

  • Travel at the minimum speed needed for safe navigation and to avoid scarring shallow seagrass beds
  • Look for a sandy patch when anchoring rather than grass as anchors tear seagrasses out at the roots.
  • Reduce fertilizer use at home and fertilize only in the dry season. Plant native trees and landscape that do well in the local environment.
  • Support responsible local watershed management including septic to sewer infrastructure upgrades and low-impact development and green infrastructure projects.

Green Beneath the Waves: A Dive into Seagrass Habitats

Did you know that seagrass and seaweed are not the same thing? Seaweed, like kelp and the floating sargassum we are overly familiar with here in Florida are not true plants, they are macroalgae. They lack specialized features like roots and the ability to flower. Seagrasses, on the other hand, are flowering plants that are more closely related to lilies and orchids than grasses. They have roots, stems, leaves, and produce flowers, seeds, and pollen. Seagrasses grow in shallow, coastal waters in groups called meadows or beds and are critically important to the health of our coastal waters. Seagrass beds serve many functions like nursery habitat for invertebrates and baby fish, including snapper and stone crab.

Seagrasses are also important carbon and nutrient sinks that produce large amounts of oxygen through photosynthesis. By rooting into the sediment, they stabilize the bottom; a healthy bed of seagrass helps trap fine particles and absorbs excess nutrients from the surrounding water. Not only do these seagrasses play a critical role in the health of the oceans and in generating oxygen for the planet but they are food for some our most beloved animals – manatees and green turtles. Both feed almost exclusively on different types of seagrasses and are challenged by the rapid loss of seagrass in our coastal areas.

These rapid losses are happening because all marine ecosystems are delicately balanced, and too many nutrients can be detrimental. Just like our lawns, seagrass beds need some organic fertilizer, but they can be harmed if the nutrients are too abundant. Instead of helping the seagrasses to grow, the excess nutrients feed microscopic algae causing massive blooms in the water column. This makes the water murky and prevents sunlight from penetrating to the seafloor; ultimately starving the seagrasses of energy they need to grow and thrive. 

Currently, excess nutrients in our coastal waters are not from natural sources but rather from runoff associated with agriculture and urban areas combined with the seepage of waste from failing septic systems and aged wastewater pipes. These pollution pathways are leading to more frequent and severe algal explosions in our nearshore waters and ocean ecosystems – causing massive seagrass die offs. This starts a vicious cycle – as seagrass beds die, the sediment their roots held together becomes loose and gets stirred up by waves.  This worsens the water clarity and makes restoration of these habitats challenging.

As Loggerhead Marina boaters there are some simple steps you can take to help us at Loggerhead Marinelife Center to protect our coastal seagrass beds. First is through responsible boating: Go Slow for Those Below! To help protect sea turtles and other marine life, travel at the minimum speed needed for safe navigation. This also reduces your risk of running your boat onto shallow seagrass beds that could cause scars in the sediment and take years to recover. When choosing a place to anchor, look for a sandy patch rather than grass as anchors tear seagrasses out at the roots. Second, reduce fertilizer use at home and fertilize only in the dry season. Plant native trees and landscape that do well in the local environment. Lastly, support responsible local watershed management including septic to sewer infrastructure upgrades and low-impact development and green infrastructure projects. As someone that enjoys life out on the ocean, in the Intracoastal Waterway, or any number of bays and harbors you see the bounty of what seagrasses provide. Be good stewards and help us protect these incredible coastal ecosystems.

Andy Dehart

President & CEO

Loggerhead Marinelife Center

Homemade Delights: Cherry Cobbler Muffins & Apple Carrot Dog Treats

If you didn’t get enough sweet treats from the holiday season, then you’re in luck!


Cherry Cobbler Muffins

Ingredients:

Muffin mix
2 cups all-purpose flour, plus 1 tablespoon
½ teaspoon salt
2 teaspoons baking powder
2 large eggs
¼ cup salted butter, melted and cooled
½ cup granulated sugar
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
¾ cup milk
21 ounce can cherry pie filling, divided

Streusel Topping:

¼ cup, salted butter, cold and cut into cubes
½ cup all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
¼ cup granulated sugar
¼ teaspoon cinnamon
1 tablespoon milk or heavy cream

Instructions:

Preheat the oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin pan with parchment paper muffin liners or spray with non-stick cooking spray. Sift together flour, salt, and baking powder in a small bowl and set aside. In a large mixing bowl, beat or whisk together eggs, melted butter, sugar, vanilla extract, and milk. Dump the dry ingredients into the egg/milk mixture and stir gently, just until combined. Do not overmix. Transfer ½ (about 1 cup) of the canned cherry pie filling to a strainer and rinse the pie filling from the cherries. Allow to drain completely. Toss the rinsed cherries in the remaining tablespoon of flour. Then fold into muffin batter, stirring just until cherries are distributed. Divide the batter evenly between 12 muffin cups. From the remainder of the cherry pie filling can, drop 2 to 3 cherries over the top of the muffins along with a small amount of pie filling. In a small bowl use your fingers or a fork to mix butter, flour, baking powder, sugar, and cinnamon until crumbles form. Mix heavy cream into the butter/flour mixture. Sprinkle streusel over the top of the cherries and muffin batter. Bake approximately 22 to 25 minutes or until a toothpick inserted in the center of muffins comes out with only a few crumbles. Cool for 10 minutes and then remove muffins from the pan onto a cooling rack. Serve warm.

Apple Carrot Dog Biscuits (makes 12-24 biscuits based on size of cookie cutter)

Recipe from reluctantentertainer.com

Ingredients:

2 ½ cups whole wheat flour
½ cup oats (gluten-free or regular)
1 tablespoon brown sugar
1 apple, cored and grated
½ cup carrots, peeled and grated
1 egg, beaten
1/3 cup vegetable oil
¼ – ½ cup water

Instructions:

Mix the dry ingredients together. In separate bowl, beat the egg and mix in the oil, water, and grated apples and carrots. Add wet ingredients to dry ingredients and mix completely. Carefully roll out dough and cut into shapes with a small cookie cutter. Bake for 40 – 45 minutes or until biscuits are firm.

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